Root twisting drives halotropism via stress-induced microtubule reorientation
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Plants have evolved signaling mechanisms that guide growth away from adverse environments that can cause yield losses. Root halotropism is a sodium-specific negative tropism that is crucial for surviving and thriving under high salinity. Although root halotropism was discovered some years ago, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated root twisting determines halotropism in Arabidopsis. An ABA-activated SnRK2 protein kinase (SnRK2.6) phosphorylates the microtubule-associated protein SP2L at Ser406, which induces a change in the anisotropic cell expansion at the root transition zone and is required for root twisting during halotropism. Salt stress triggers SP2L-mediated cortical microtubule reorientation, which guides cellulose microfibril patterns. Our findings thus outline the molecular mechanism of root halotropism and indicate that anisotropic cell expansion through microtubule reorientation and microfibril deposition has a central role in mediating tropic responses.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Developmental Cell |
| Vol/bind | 57 |
| Udgave nummer | 20 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 2412-2425.e6 |
| ISSN | 1534-5807 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2022 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
We thank members of Zhao Lab for helpful discussions. We thank Jun Li, Haojie Li, Tao Hu, and Qiaochao Chen for their help in plant growth or guidance of assays. We thank Min Li (Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University) for her contribution to the model diagram preparation. We thank Takashi Hashimoto for sharing sp2l-2, Zhaosheng Kong for providing lue1, Alberto Macho for providing csi1-4 and csi1-5, Zhen-Ming Pei for providing moca1, Shanjin Huang for providing vln2/3, Jia Li for providing ahk2-5/cre1-2, ahp1/2/3 and arr16/arr17, Shutang Tan for providing abcb1/19, Lin Xu for sharing some of the auxin-related mutants. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC grant no. 31970293 to Y.Z. and 32100237 to B.Y.), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. XDB27040107), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (22ZR1481400), and the Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. S.P. acknowledges the financial aid of an ARC Discovery grant (DP19001941), Villum Investigator (project ID: 25915), DNRF Chair (DNRF155) and Novo Nordisk Laureate (NNF19OC0056076), Novo Nordisk Emerging Investigator (NNF20OC0060564) and Lundbeck Foundation (experiment grant, R346-2020-1546) grants. Y.Z. conceived and designed the research. B.Y. W.Z. and L.X. performed the experiments. B.Y. W.Z. L.X. J.-K.Z. S.P. and Y.Z. analyzed the results. Y.Z. B.Y. and S.P. wrote the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests.
Funding Information:
We thank members of Zhao Lab for helpful discussions. We thank Jun Li, Haojie Li, Tao Hu, and Qiaochao Chen for their help in plant growth or guidance of assays. We thank Min Li (Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University) for her contribution to the model diagram preparation. We thank Takashi Hashimoto for sharing sp2l-2, Zhaosheng Kong for providing lue1, Alberto Macho for providing csi1-4 and csi1-5, Zhen-Ming Pei for providing moca1, Shanjin Huang for providing vln2/3, Jia Li for providing ahk2-5/cre1-2, ahp1/2/3 and arr16/arr17, Shutang Tan for providing abcb1/19, Lin Xu for sharing some of the auxin-related mutants. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC grant no. 31970293 to Y.Z. and 32100237 to B.Y.), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. XDB27040107 ), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality ( 22ZR1481400 ), and the Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. S.P. acknowledges the financial aid of an ARC Discovery grant ( DP19001941 ), Villum Investigator (project ID: 25915 ), DNRF Chair (DNRF155) and Novo Nordisk Laureate ( NNF19OC0056076 ), Novo Nordisk Emerging Investigator ( NNF20OC0060564 ) and Lundbeck Foundation (experiment grant, R346-2020-1546 ) grants.
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