TY - JOUR

T1 - Evaluation of deep root phenotyping techniques in tube rhizotrons

AU - Chen, Si

AU - van der Graaff, Eric

AU - Ytting, Nanna Karkov

AU - Thorup-Kristensen, Kristian

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Selection for deep rooting is critical for the development of genotypes that are able to explore deep soil water and nutrients, particularly as agricultural resources become more limited. However, current root phenotyping techniques demand significant investments of time, money, and effort, and measurements on very young plants or plants grown under soilless culture. This study introduced four novel and simple techniques for fast evaluation of root depth in tube rhizotrons, which enable root observation around the transparent tube walls, and allow roots growing to natural size in semi-field conditions. The first and second innovations involve the introduction of 15N tracer and herbicide to the roots, which estimated root activity by measuring the responses of the shoots aboveground. The third involves placement of a cone deep in the rhizotron, to increase chances to observe more deep roots along the tube walls. The fourth involves measurement of roots that emerge from the rhizotron bottom. The reliability of these techniques were assessed in a series of five experiments during 2014 and 2015. These tests compared two pairs of genotypes that previous studies had shown to have mutually distinctive root traits: the spring wheat pair of ‘April bearded’ vs. ‘Dacke’; and the winter wheat pair of ‘Tabasco’ vs. ‘Genius’, with the first of each pair being the genotype known for deep rooting. Results showed that the new techniques were as good as or better than existing alternatives at accurately measuring root traits. In eight of the nine comparisons, the measurements were consistent with the expectations of root characteristics for these known genotypes. Importantly, the indirect root activity measures (herbicide and 15N) showed the same trend as the direct root observation techniques in all experiments, but higher ability to distinguish the genotypes and more promise for future upscaling for plant breeding.

AB - Selection for deep rooting is critical for the development of genotypes that are able to explore deep soil water and nutrients, particularly as agricultural resources become more limited. However, current root phenotyping techniques demand significant investments of time, money, and effort, and measurements on very young plants or plants grown under soilless culture. This study introduced four novel and simple techniques for fast evaluation of root depth in tube rhizotrons, which enable root observation around the transparent tube walls, and allow roots growing to natural size in semi-field conditions. The first and second innovations involve the introduction of 15N tracer and herbicide to the roots, which estimated root activity by measuring the responses of the shoots aboveground. The third involves placement of a cone deep in the rhizotron, to increase chances to observe more deep roots along the tube walls. The fourth involves measurement of roots that emerge from the rhizotron bottom. The reliability of these techniques were assessed in a series of five experiments during 2014 and 2015. These tests compared two pairs of genotypes that previous studies had shown to have mutually distinctive root traits: the spring wheat pair of ‘April bearded’ vs. ‘Dacke’; and the winter wheat pair of ‘Tabasco’ vs. ‘Genius’, with the first of each pair being the genotype known for deep rooting. Results showed that the new techniques were as good as or better than existing alternatives at accurately measuring root traits. In eight of the nine comparisons, the measurements were consistent with the expectations of root characteristics for these known genotypes. Importantly, the indirect root activity measures (herbicide and 15N) showed the same trend as the direct root observation techniques in all experiments, but higher ability to distinguish the genotypes and more promise for future upscaling for plant breeding.

KW - N

KW - Breeding

KW - deep root appearance

KW - deep root intensity

KW - herbicide symptom

KW - N-15

U2 - 10.1080/09064710.2018.1500635

DO - 10.1080/09064710.2018.1500635

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85050365524

VL - 69

SP - 62

EP - 74

JO - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica - Section B Soil and Plant Science

JF - Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica - Section B Soil and Plant Science

SN - 0906-4710

IS - 1

ER -