The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Standard

The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides. / Samadi Kalkhoran, Elham; Alebrahim, Mohammad Taghi; Mohammaddoust Chamn Abad, Hamid Reza; Streibig, Jens Carl; Ghavidel, Akbar; Tseng, Te-Ming Paul.

In: Toxics, Vol. 10, No. 6, 320, 2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Samadi Kalkhoran, E, Alebrahim, MT, Mohammaddoust Chamn Abad, HR, Streibig, JC, Ghavidel, A & Tseng, T-MP 2022, 'The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides', Toxics, vol. 10, no. 6, 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060320

APA

Samadi Kalkhoran, E., Alebrahim, M. T., Mohammaddoust Chamn Abad, H. R., Streibig, J. C., Ghavidel, A., & Tseng, T-M. P. (2022). The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides. Toxics, 10(6), [320]. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060320

Vancouver

Samadi Kalkhoran E, Alebrahim MT, Mohammaddoust Chamn Abad HR, Streibig JC, Ghavidel A, Tseng T-MP. The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides. Toxics. 2022;10(6). 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060320

Author

Samadi Kalkhoran, Elham ; Alebrahim, Mohammad Taghi ; Mohammaddoust Chamn Abad, Hamid Reza ; Streibig, Jens Carl ; Ghavidel, Akbar ; Tseng, Te-Ming Paul. / The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides. In: Toxics. 2022 ; Vol. 10, No. 6.

Bibtex

@article{d3e8fd70c6bc4c94993b75fbe98499ab,
title = "The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides",
abstract = "Frequent use of herbicides may impose a risk on non-target species. The objective was to test the combined toxic effect of binary herbicide mixtures-metribuzin:halosulfuron and metribuzin:flumioxazin-on non-target earthworms in two test systems: filter paper and a soil toxicity test system. The joint action experiments were independently run twice to substantiate the findings. The most potent individual herbicide was metribuzin, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 17.17 mu g ai. cm(-2) at 48 h in the filter paper test. The toxicity of the individual herbicides on the filter paper test was ranked as metribuzin>halosulfuron>flumioxazin. In the soil test, metribuzin and halosulfuron had high toxicity with an LC50 of 8.48 and 10.08 mg ai. kg(-1), respectively, on day 14. Thus, the individual herbicide ranking did not change between the filter paper and artificial soil tests. The herbicide's mixed effect in both test systems showed a consistent antagonistic effect relative to a Concentration Addition reference model. It indicates that the mixtures retracted the herbicide's action in the earthworms.",
keywords = "ecotoxicology, isobole method, risk assessment, soil invertebrates, JOINT TOXICITY, PESTICIDES, CHLORPYRIFOS, INSECTICIDES, FLUMIOXAZIN, METRIBUZIN, EMERGENCE, ATRAZINE, METALS, METHYL",
author = "{Samadi Kalkhoran}, Elham and Alebrahim, {Mohammad Taghi} and {Mohammaddoust Chamn Abad}, {Hamid Reza} and Streibig, {Jens Carl} and Akbar Ghavidel and Tseng, {Te-Ming Paul}",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.3390/toxics10060320",
language = "English",
volume = "10",
journal = "Toxics",
issn = "2305-6304",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
number = "6",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides

AU - Samadi Kalkhoran, Elham

AU - Alebrahim, Mohammad Taghi

AU - Mohammaddoust Chamn Abad, Hamid Reza

AU - Streibig, Jens Carl

AU - Ghavidel, Akbar

AU - Tseng, Te-Ming Paul

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Frequent use of herbicides may impose a risk on non-target species. The objective was to test the combined toxic effect of binary herbicide mixtures-metribuzin:halosulfuron and metribuzin:flumioxazin-on non-target earthworms in two test systems: filter paper and a soil toxicity test system. The joint action experiments were independently run twice to substantiate the findings. The most potent individual herbicide was metribuzin, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 17.17 mu g ai. cm(-2) at 48 h in the filter paper test. The toxicity of the individual herbicides on the filter paper test was ranked as metribuzin>halosulfuron>flumioxazin. In the soil test, metribuzin and halosulfuron had high toxicity with an LC50 of 8.48 and 10.08 mg ai. kg(-1), respectively, on day 14. Thus, the individual herbicide ranking did not change between the filter paper and artificial soil tests. The herbicide's mixed effect in both test systems showed a consistent antagonistic effect relative to a Concentration Addition reference model. It indicates that the mixtures retracted the herbicide's action in the earthworms.

AB - Frequent use of herbicides may impose a risk on non-target species. The objective was to test the combined toxic effect of binary herbicide mixtures-metribuzin:halosulfuron and metribuzin:flumioxazin-on non-target earthworms in two test systems: filter paper and a soil toxicity test system. The joint action experiments were independently run twice to substantiate the findings. The most potent individual herbicide was metribuzin, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 17.17 mu g ai. cm(-2) at 48 h in the filter paper test. The toxicity of the individual herbicides on the filter paper test was ranked as metribuzin>halosulfuron>flumioxazin. In the soil test, metribuzin and halosulfuron had high toxicity with an LC50 of 8.48 and 10.08 mg ai. kg(-1), respectively, on day 14. Thus, the individual herbicide ranking did not change between the filter paper and artificial soil tests. The herbicide's mixed effect in both test systems showed a consistent antagonistic effect relative to a Concentration Addition reference model. It indicates that the mixtures retracted the herbicide's action in the earthworms.

KW - ecotoxicology

KW - isobole method

KW - risk assessment

KW - soil invertebrates

KW - JOINT TOXICITY

KW - PESTICIDES

KW - CHLORPYRIFOS

KW - INSECTICIDES

KW - FLUMIOXAZIN

KW - METRIBUZIN

KW - EMERGENCE

KW - ATRAZINE

KW - METALS

KW - METHYL

U2 - 10.3390/toxics10060320

DO - 10.3390/toxics10060320

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 35736928

VL - 10

JO - Toxics

JF - Toxics

SN - 2305-6304

IS - 6

M1 - 320

ER -

ID: 312703152