Leaf Scorching following Foliar Fertilization of Wheat with Urea or Urea–Ammonium Nitrate Is Caused by Ammonium Toxicity
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Leaf Scorching following Foliar Fertilization of Wheat with Urea or Urea–Ammonium Nitrate Is Caused by Ammonium Toxicity. / de Castro, Saulo Augusto Quassi; Kichey, Thomas; Persson, Daniel Pergament; Schjoerring, Jan Kofod.
In: Agronomy, Vol. 12, No. 6, 1405, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Leaf Scorching following Foliar Fertilization of Wheat with Urea or Urea–Ammonium Nitrate Is Caused by Ammonium Toxicity
AU - de Castro, Saulo Augusto Quassi
AU - Kichey, Thomas
AU - Persson, Daniel Pergament
AU - Schjoerring, Jan Kofod
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Foliar fertilization is a potential tool to increase the use-efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. However, whilst leaf scorching has frequently been reported, the underlying physiological processes are not clear. In the present work, we investigate the intensity of leaf scorching as affected by the balance between ammonium assimilation and accumulation. Leaves were sprayed with urea– ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution without surfactant or applied liquid droplets of urea in different N concentrations with surfactant. UAN solutions without surfactant containing >10% N caused leaf scorching already after 24 h and the severity increased with the N concentration. The same pattern was observed 3 days after the application of urea solutions containing >4% N together with surfactant. The scorching was accompanied by a massive increase in foliar and apoplastic ammonium (NH4+) concentration. Moreover, the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), most pronouncedly that of the chloroplastic isoform (GS2), decreased a few hours after the application of high N-concentrations. Along with this, the concentration of glutamate—the substrate for GS—decreased. We conclude that leaf scorching is promoted by NH4+ accumulation due to a limitation in N assimilation capacity.
AB - Foliar fertilization is a potential tool to increase the use-efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. However, whilst leaf scorching has frequently been reported, the underlying physiological processes are not clear. In the present work, we investigate the intensity of leaf scorching as affected by the balance between ammonium assimilation and accumulation. Leaves were sprayed with urea– ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution without surfactant or applied liquid droplets of urea in different N concentrations with surfactant. UAN solutions without surfactant containing >10% N caused leaf scorching already after 24 h and the severity increased with the N concentration. The same pattern was observed 3 days after the application of urea solutions containing >4% N together with surfactant. The scorching was accompanied by a massive increase in foliar and apoplastic ammonium (NH4+) concentration. Moreover, the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), most pronouncedly that of the chloroplastic isoform (GS2), decreased a few hours after the application of high N-concentrations. Along with this, the concentration of glutamate—the substrate for GS—decreased. We conclude that leaf scorching is promoted by NH4+ accumulation due to a limitation in N assimilation capacity.
KW - amino acid
KW - ammonium concentration
KW - glutamine synthetase
KW - nitrogen fertilizer management
U2 - 10.3390/agronomy12061405
DO - 10.3390/agronomy12061405
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85132284735
VL - 12
JO - Agronomy
JF - Agronomy
SN - 2073-4395
IS - 6
M1 - 1405
ER -
ID: 312702871