Diploid Nuclei Occur throughout the Life Cycles of Pucciniales Fungi
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Diploid Nuclei Occur throughout the Life Cycles of Pucciniales Fungi. / Talhinhas, Pedro; Carvalho, Rita; Tavares, Sílvia; Ribeiro, Teresa; Azinheira, Helena; Ramos, Ana Paula; Silva, Maria do Céu; Monteiro, Marta; Loureiro, João; Morais-Cecílio, Leonor.
In: Microbiology Spectrum, Vol. 11, No. 4, e0153223, 2023.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Diploid Nuclei Occur throughout the Life Cycles of Pucciniales Fungi
AU - Talhinhas, Pedro
AU - Carvalho, Rita
AU - Tavares, Sílvia
AU - Ribeiro, Teresa
AU - Azinheira, Helena
AU - Ramos, Ana Paula
AU - Silva, Maria do Céu
AU - Monteiro, Marta
AU - Loureiro, João
AU - Morais-Cecílio, Leonor
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Within Eukaryotes, fungi are the typical representatives of haplontic life cycles. Basidiomycota fungi are dikaryotic in extensive parts of their life cycle, but diploid nuclei are known to form only in basidia. Among Basidiomycota, the Pucciniales are notorious for presenting the most complex life cycles, with high host specialization, and for their expanded genomes. Using cytogenomic (flow cytometry and cell sorting on propidium iodide-stained nuclei) and cytogenetic (FISH with rDNA probe) approaches, we report the widespread occurrence of replicating haploid and diploid nuclei (i.e., 1C, 2C and a small proportion of 4C nuclei) in diverse life cycle stages (pycnial, aecial, uredinial, and telial) of all 35 Pucciniales species analyzed, but not in sister taxa. These results suggest that the Pucciniales life cycle is distinct from any cycle known, i.e., neither haplontic, diplontic nor haplodiplontic, corroborating patchy and disregarded previous evidence. However, the biological basis and significance of this phenomenon remain undisclosed. IMPORTANCE Within Eukaryotes, fungi are the typical representatives of haplontic life cycles, contrasting with plants and animals. As such, fungi thus contain haploid nuclei throughout their life cycles, with sexual reproduction generating a single diploid cell upon karyogamy that immediately undergoes meiosis, thus resuming the haploid cycle. In this work, using cytogenetic and cytogenomic tools, we demonstrate that a vast group of fungi presents diploid nuclei throughout their life cycles, along with haploid nuclei, and that both types of nuclei replicate. Moreover, haploid nuclei are absent from urediniospores. The phenomenon appears to be transversal to the organisms in the order Pucciniales (rust fungi) and it does not occur in neighboring taxa, but a biological explanation or function for it remains elusive.
AB - Within Eukaryotes, fungi are the typical representatives of haplontic life cycles. Basidiomycota fungi are dikaryotic in extensive parts of their life cycle, but diploid nuclei are known to form only in basidia. Among Basidiomycota, the Pucciniales are notorious for presenting the most complex life cycles, with high host specialization, and for their expanded genomes. Using cytogenomic (flow cytometry and cell sorting on propidium iodide-stained nuclei) and cytogenetic (FISH with rDNA probe) approaches, we report the widespread occurrence of replicating haploid and diploid nuclei (i.e., 1C, 2C and a small proportion of 4C nuclei) in diverse life cycle stages (pycnial, aecial, uredinial, and telial) of all 35 Pucciniales species analyzed, but not in sister taxa. These results suggest that the Pucciniales life cycle is distinct from any cycle known, i.e., neither haplontic, diplontic nor haplodiplontic, corroborating patchy and disregarded previous evidence. However, the biological basis and significance of this phenomenon remain undisclosed. IMPORTANCE Within Eukaryotes, fungi are the typical representatives of haplontic life cycles, contrasting with plants and animals. As such, fungi thus contain haploid nuclei throughout their life cycles, with sexual reproduction generating a single diploid cell upon karyogamy that immediately undergoes meiosis, thus resuming the haploid cycle. In this work, using cytogenetic and cytogenomic tools, we demonstrate that a vast group of fungi presents diploid nuclei throughout their life cycles, along with haploid nuclei, and that both types of nuclei replicate. Moreover, haploid nuclei are absent from urediniospores. The phenomenon appears to be transversal to the organisms in the order Pucciniales (rust fungi) and it does not occur in neighboring taxa, but a biological explanation or function for it remains elusive.
U2 - 10.1128/spectrum.01532-23
DO - 10.1128/spectrum.01532-23
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37289058
VL - 11
JO - Microbiology spectrum
JF - Microbiology spectrum
SN - 2165-0497
IS - 4
M1 - e0153223
ER -
ID: 357732090