TY - JOUR

T1 - Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in Phaseolus lunatus and the evolution of oxime-based defenses

AU - Lai, Daniela

AU - Maimann, Alexandra B.

AU - Macea, Eliana

AU - Ocampo, Cesar H.

AU - Cardona, Gustavo

AU - Picmanova, Martina

AU - Darbani, Behrooz

AU - Olsen, Carl Erik

AU - Debouck, Daniel

AU - Raatz, Bodo

AU - Moller, Birger Lindberg

AU - Rook, Fred

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Lima bean,Phaseolus lunatus, is a crop legume that produces the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. In the legumesLotus japonicusandTrifolium repens, the biosynthesis of these two alpha-hydroxynitrile glucosides involves cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP79 and CYP736 families and a UDP-glucosyltransferase. Here, we identify CYP79D71 as the first enzyme of the pathway inP. lunatus, producing oximes from valine and isoleucine. A second CYP79 family member, CYP79D72, was shown to catalyze the formation of leucine-derived oximes, which act as volatile defense compounds inPhaseolusspp. The organization of the biosynthetic genes for cyanogenic glucosides in a gene cluster aided their identification inL. japonicus. In the available genome sequence ofP. vulgaris, the gene orthologous toCYP79D71is adjacent to a member of theCYP83family. AlthoughP. vulgarisis not cyanogenic, it does produce oximes as volatile defense compounds. We cloned the genes encoding two CYP83s (CYP83E46 and CYP83E47) and a UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT85K31) fromP. lunatus, and these genes combined form a complete biosynthetic pathway for linamarin and lotaustralin in Lima bean. Within the genusPhaseolus, the occurrence of linamarin and lotaustralin as functional chemical defense compounds appears restricted to species belonging to the closely related Polystachios and Lunatus groups. A preexisting ability to produce volatile oximes and nitriles likely facilitated evolution of cyanogenesis within thePhaseolusgenus.

AB - Lima bean,Phaseolus lunatus, is a crop legume that produces the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. In the legumesLotus japonicusandTrifolium repens, the biosynthesis of these two alpha-hydroxynitrile glucosides involves cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP79 and CYP736 families and a UDP-glucosyltransferase. Here, we identify CYP79D71 as the first enzyme of the pathway inP. lunatus, producing oximes from valine and isoleucine. A second CYP79 family member, CYP79D72, was shown to catalyze the formation of leucine-derived oximes, which act as volatile defense compounds inPhaseolusspp. The organization of the biosynthetic genes for cyanogenic glucosides in a gene cluster aided their identification inL. japonicus. In the available genome sequence ofP. vulgaris, the gene orthologous toCYP79D71is adjacent to a member of theCYP83family. AlthoughP. vulgarisis not cyanogenic, it does produce oximes as volatile defense compounds. We cloned the genes encoding two CYP83s (CYP83E46 and CYP83E47) and a UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT85K31) fromP. lunatus, and these genes combined form a complete biosynthetic pathway for linamarin and lotaustralin in Lima bean. Within the genusPhaseolus, the occurrence of linamarin and lotaustralin as functional chemical defense compounds appears restricted to species belonging to the closely related Polystachios and Lunatus groups. A preexisting ability to produce volatile oximes and nitriles likely facilitated evolution of cyanogenesis within thePhaseolusgenus.

KW - chemical defense

KW - cyanogenic glucosides

KW - cytochrome P450

KW - Phaseolus lunatus

KW - SORGHUM-BICOLOR

KW - CYTOCHROME-P450 ENZYMES

KW - HYDROXYNITRILE GLUCOSIDES

KW - LOTUS-JAPONICUS

KW - GENE CLUSTERS

KW - EXPRESSION

KW - LINAMARIN

KW - DHURRIN

KW - LOTAUSTRALIN

KW - LEGUMINOSAE

U2 - 10.1002/pld3.244

DO - 10.1002/pld3.244

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 32775954

VL - 4

JO - Plant Direct

JF - Plant Direct

SN - 2475-4455

IS - 8

M1 - 00244

ER -