A Hormetic Spatiotemporal Photosystem II Response Mechanism of Salvia to Excess Zinc Exposure
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A Hormetic Spatiotemporal Photosystem II Response Mechanism of Salvia to Excess Zinc Exposure. / Moustakas, Michael; Dobrikova, Anelia; Sperdouli, Ilektra; Hanć, Anetta; Adamakis, Ioannis Dimosthenis S.; Moustaka, Julietta; Apostolova, Emilia.
In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 19, 11232, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - A Hormetic Spatiotemporal Photosystem II Response Mechanism of Salvia to Excess Zinc Exposure
AU - Moustakas, Michael
AU - Dobrikova, Anelia
AU - Sperdouli, Ilektra
AU - Hanć, Anetta
AU - Adamakis, Ioannis Dimosthenis S.
AU - Moustaka, Julietta
AU - Apostolova, Emilia
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Exposure of Salvia sclarea plants to excess Zn for 8 days resulted in increased Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations, but decreased Mg, in the aboveground tissues. The significant increase in the aboveground tissues of Mn, which is vital in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII), contributed to the higher efficiency of the OEC, and together with the increased Fe, which has a fundamental role as a component of the enzymes involved in the electron transport process, resulted in an increased electron transport rate (ETR). The decreased Mg content in the aboveground tissues contributed to decreased chlorophyll content that reduced excess absorption of sunlight and operated to improve PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), decreasing excess energy at PSII and lowering the degree of photoinhibition, as judged from the increased maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The molecular mechanism by which Zn-treated leaves displayed an improved PSII photochemistry was the increased fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) and, mainly, the increased efficiency of the reaction centers (Fv′/Fm′) that enhanced ETR. Elemental bioimaging of Zn and Ca by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) revealed their co-localization in the mid-leaf veins. The high Zn concentration was located in the mid-leaf-vein area, while mesophyll cells accumulated small amounts of Zn, thus resembling a spatiotemporal heterogenous response and suggesting an adaptive strategy. These findings contribute to our understanding of how exposure to excess Zn triggered a hormetic response of PSII photochemistry. Exposure of aromatic and medicinal plants to excess Zn in hydroponics can be regarded as an economical approach to ameliorate the deficiency of Fe and Zn, which are essential micronutrients for human health.
AB - Exposure of Salvia sclarea plants to excess Zn for 8 days resulted in increased Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations, but decreased Mg, in the aboveground tissues. The significant increase in the aboveground tissues of Mn, which is vital in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII), contributed to the higher efficiency of the OEC, and together with the increased Fe, which has a fundamental role as a component of the enzymes involved in the electron transport process, resulted in an increased electron transport rate (ETR). The decreased Mg content in the aboveground tissues contributed to decreased chlorophyll content that reduced excess absorption of sunlight and operated to improve PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), decreasing excess energy at PSII and lowering the degree of photoinhibition, as judged from the increased maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The molecular mechanism by which Zn-treated leaves displayed an improved PSII photochemistry was the increased fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) and, mainly, the increased efficiency of the reaction centers (Fv′/Fm′) that enhanced ETR. Elemental bioimaging of Zn and Ca by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) revealed their co-localization in the mid-leaf veins. The high Zn concentration was located in the mid-leaf-vein area, while mesophyll cells accumulated small amounts of Zn, thus resembling a spatiotemporal heterogenous response and suggesting an adaptive strategy. These findings contribute to our understanding of how exposure to excess Zn triggered a hormetic response of PSII photochemistry. Exposure of aromatic and medicinal plants to excess Zn in hydroponics can be regarded as an economical approach to ameliorate the deficiency of Fe and Zn, which are essential micronutrients for human health.
KW - chlorophyll
KW - chlorophyll fluorescence imaging
KW - hormesis
KW - leaf heterogeneity
KW - non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)
KW - nutrient imbalances
KW - phenolics
KW - photoprotection
KW - reactive oxygen species (ROS)
KW - stress effects
U2 - 10.3390/ijms231911232
DO - 10.3390/ijms231911232
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 36232535
AN - SCOPUS:85139960179
VL - 23
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online)
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online)
SN - 1661-6596
IS - 19
M1 - 11232
ER -
ID: 323192527