Tiered approaches for oil spill fingerprinting have evolved rapidly since the 1990s. Chemometrics provides a large number of tools for pattern recognition, calibration, and classification that can increase the speed and the objectivity of the fingerprinting analysis and allow for more extensive use of the available data. A framework (integrated multivariate oil hydrocarbon fingerprinting - IMOF) for the use of chemometric approaches in tiered oil spill fingerprinting is presented in this chapter. It consists of four main steps where a suite of analytical instruments, data preprocessing and multivariate statistical methods, as well as data evaluation and visualization tools have been tested. IMOF is exemplified using parallel factor analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission spectra, and pixel-based analysis of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry selected ion chromatograms (GC-MS SICs). Its application to other data types such as GC-flame ionization detection, liquid chromatography-MS, and two-dimensional GC and LC are briefly discussed.