All aspects of food and nutrition security are expected to be impacted by climate change, with many of these impacts already happening. Neglected and underutilized species (NUS) are marginalized agricultural species which are not commodity crops and typically have deep local, cultural roots and are managed in traditional ways. NUS are well adapted to their local climates and have the potential to contribute to food and nutrition security, generate income for farmers, promote sustainable livelihoods, preserve traditional food systems and cultural identities – all of which are challenged by climate change. Breadfruit is a highly nutritious, starchy staple crop from the Pacific which shows promising potential to address hunger and malnutrition, especially in the tropics. This thesis investigates the current status and potential for breadfruit on the Hawaiian Islands to improve and covers four main themes: adaptation to climate change, food and nutrition security, the role of NUS for diet diversity, and agroforestry as an approach for sustainable food systems. It provides knowledge on what consumers are willing to pay for value-added products made of breadfruit, how much they are willing to pay for a tree and what fresh breadfruit is sold for per pound across the islands. Combined with insights into consumer attitudes supply and value chains, and the current status of breadfruit trees, it highlights the potential breadfruit has in today’s society and for the future of the Hawaiian Islands by supporting on-going revitalization efforts.