Deficiencies in cluster-2 ALA lipid flippases result in salicylic acid-dependent growth reductions

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P4 ATPases (i.e., lipid flippases) are eukaryotic enzymes that transport lipids across membrane bilayers. In plants, P4 ATPases are named Aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs) and are organized into five phylogenetic clusters. Here we generated an Arabidopsis mutant lacking all five cluster-2 ALAs (ala8/9/10/11/12), which is the most highly expressed ALA subgroup in vegetative tissues. Plants harboring the quintuple knockout (KO) show rosettes that are 2.2-fold smaller and display chlorotic lesions. A similar but less severe phenotype was observed in an ala10/11 double KO. The growth and lesion phenotypes of ala8/9/10/11/12 mutants were reversed by expressing a NahG transgene, which encodes an enzyme that degrades salicylic acid (SA). A role for SA in promoting the lesion phenotype was further supported by quantitative PCR assays showing increased mRNA abundance for an SA-biosynthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (ICS1) and two SA-responsive genes PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (PR1) and PR2. Lesion phenotypes were also reversed by growing plants in liquid media containing either low calcium (~0.1 mM) or high nitrogen concentrations (~24 mM), which are conditions known to suppress SA-dependent autoimmunity. Yeast-based fluorescent lipid uptake assays revealed that ALA10 and ALA11 display overlapping substrate specificities, including the transport of LysoPC signaling lipids. Together, these results establish that the biochemical functions of ALA8–12 are at least partially overlapping, and that deficiencies in cluster-2 ALAs result in an SA-dependent autoimmunity phenotype that has not been observed for flippase mutants with deficiencies in other ALA clusters.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummere14228
TidsskriftPhysiologia Plantarum
Vol/bind176
Udgave nummer2
Antal sider15
ISSN0031-9317
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2024

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
Harper lab research was funded by the National Science Foundation (IOS‐1947741, and IOS‐2129234). Work in the López‐Marqués and Palmgren labs was supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (Project number NNF19OC0056580/ NovoCrops), and in López‐Marqués lab further by the Carlsberg Foundation (project number CF21‐ 0389) and the Independent Research Fund Denmark | Nature and Universe (FNU, project number 1026‐00024B). Lipid analyses were performed at the Kansas Lipidomics Research Center Analytical Laboratory. Instrument acquisition and lipidomics method development were supported by the National Science Foundation (including support from the Major Research Instrumentation program; most recent award DBI‐1726527), K‐IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) of National Institute of Health (P20GM103418), USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch/Multi‐State project 1013013), and Kansas State University.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

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