A wide array of new molecular biology and genetic manipulation techniques are available that give plant breeders new opportunities to create and manipulate genetic variation to produce improved plants more easily. This chapter discusses the role of biotechnology in Lotus improvement. It considers what the objectives in a breeding program are and how they may be achieved using traditional breeding methods and if not, whether biotechnology may assist the breeder. The primary requirements of any breeding program are two fold: a source of variation and the means to manipulate that variation. The chapter also considers the current situation for Lotus tissue culture and transformation and then discusses possible applications for crop improvement. Regeneration systems have been developed in Lotus species for a variety of reasons, including maintenance of selected genotypes, induction of somaclonal variation, and production of transformed plants or somatic hybrids.