TY - JOUR

T1 - Indole and quinolizidine alkaloids from blue lupin leach to agricultural drainage water

AU - Hama, Jawameer R.

AU - Jorgensen, Daniel Bernardo Garcia

AU - Diamantopoulos, Efstathios

AU - Bucheli, Thomas D.

AU - Hansen, Hans Chr Bruun

AU - Strobel, Bjarne W.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Phytotoxins are produced in plants including agricultural crops. Lupins and other plants of the Fabaceae family produce toxic alkaloids. These alkaloids have been studied in food and feed, however, the environmental fate of alkaloids produced by cultivated lupins is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted an agricultural field experiment to investigate the occurrence of indole and quinolizidine alkaloids in lupin plant tissues, soil, soil pore water and in drainage water. During the field experiment, alkaloids were regularly quantified (median concentrations) in lupin (13–8.7 × 103 ng/g dry weight (dw)), and topsoils at depth 0–5 cm (0.1–10 ng/g dw), and depth 15–30 cm (0.2–8.5 ng/g dw), soil pore water (0.2–7.5 ng/L) and drainage water samples (0.4–18 ng/L). Lupanine was the dominant alkaloid in all collected samples. Cumulative amounts of alkaloids emitted via drainage water were around 0.1–11 mg/ha for individual alkaloids over one growing season. The total cumulative amount of alkaloid in drainage water was 14 mg/ha, which is a very small amount compared to the mass of alkaloid in the lupin biomass (11 kg/ha) and soil (0.02 kg/ha). Nearly half of the alkaloids were exported in the drainage water during high flow events, indicating that alkaloids transport preferentially via macropores. These findings indicate that drainage from lupin cultivated areas contribute to surface water contamination. The environmental and ecotoxicological relevance of alkaloids as newly identified aquatic micropollutants in areas with agricultural activities have yet to be assessed.

AB - Phytotoxins are produced in plants including agricultural crops. Lupins and other plants of the Fabaceae family produce toxic alkaloids. These alkaloids have been studied in food and feed, however, the environmental fate of alkaloids produced by cultivated lupins is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted an agricultural field experiment to investigate the occurrence of indole and quinolizidine alkaloids in lupin plant tissues, soil, soil pore water and in drainage water. During the field experiment, alkaloids were regularly quantified (median concentrations) in lupin (13–8.7 × 103 ng/g dry weight (dw)), and topsoils at depth 0–5 cm (0.1–10 ng/g dw), and depth 15–30 cm (0.2–8.5 ng/g dw), soil pore water (0.2–7.5 ng/L) and drainage water samples (0.4–18 ng/L). Lupanine was the dominant alkaloid in all collected samples. Cumulative amounts of alkaloids emitted via drainage water were around 0.1–11 mg/ha for individual alkaloids over one growing season. The total cumulative amount of alkaloid in drainage water was 14 mg/ha, which is a very small amount compared to the mass of alkaloid in the lupin biomass (11 kg/ha) and soil (0.02 kg/ha). Nearly half of the alkaloids were exported in the drainage water during high flow events, indicating that alkaloids transport preferentially via macropores. These findings indicate that drainage from lupin cultivated areas contribute to surface water contamination. The environmental and ecotoxicological relevance of alkaloids as newly identified aquatic micropollutants in areas with agricultural activities have yet to be assessed.

KW - Alkaloids

KW - Aquatic pollution

KW - Mobility

KW - Narrow-leaf lupin

KW - Persistence

KW - Phytotoxins

U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155283

DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155283

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 35439507

AN - SCOPUS:85129115457

VL - 834

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

SN - 0048-9697

M1 - 155283

ER -