TY - JOUR

T1 - Controlling flowering of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) by inducing dominant mutations

AU - Chiurazzi, Maurizio Junior

AU - Nørrevang, Anton Frisgaard

AU - Garcia, Pedro

AU - Cerdán, Pablo D.

AU - Palmgren, Michael Broberg

AU - Wenkel, Stephan

N1 - This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Special 70th anniversary issue: Invited expert reviews highlighting progress in plant biology research

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Breeding plants with polyploid genomes is challenging because functional redundancy hampers the identification of loss-of-function mutants. Medicago sativa is tetraploid and obligate outcrossing, which together with inbreeding depression complicates traditional breeding approaches in obtaining plants with a stable growth habit. Inducing dominant mutations would provide an alternative strategy to introduce domestication traits in plants with high gene redundancy. Here we describe two complementary strategies to induce dominant mutations in the M. sativa genome and how they can be relevant in the control of flowering time. First, we outline a genome-engineering strategy that harnesses the use of microProteins as developmental regulators. MicroProteins are small proteins that appeared during genome evolution from genes encoding larger proteins. Genome-engineering allows us to retrace evolution and create microProtein-coding genes de novo. Second, we provide an inventory of genes regulated by microRNAs that control plant development. Making respective gene transcripts microRNA-resistant by inducing point mutations can uncouple microRNA regulation. Finally, we investigated the recently published genomes of M. sativa and provide an inventory of breeding targets, some of which, when mutated, are likely to result in dominant traits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

AB - Breeding plants with polyploid genomes is challenging because functional redundancy hampers the identification of loss-of-function mutants. Medicago sativa is tetraploid and obligate outcrossing, which together with inbreeding depression complicates traditional breeding approaches in obtaining plants with a stable growth habit. Inducing dominant mutations would provide an alternative strategy to introduce domestication traits in plants with high gene redundancy. Here we describe two complementary strategies to induce dominant mutations in the M. sativa genome and how they can be relevant in the control of flowering time. First, we outline a genome-engineering strategy that harnesses the use of microProteins as developmental regulators. MicroProteins are small proteins that appeared during genome evolution from genes encoding larger proteins. Genome-engineering allows us to retrace evolution and create microProtein-coding genes de novo. Second, we provide an inventory of genes regulated by microRNAs that control plant development. Making respective gene transcripts microRNA-resistant by inducing point mutations can uncouple microRNA regulation. Finally, we investigated the recently published genomes of M. sativa and provide an inventory of breeding targets, some of which, when mutated, are likely to result in dominant traits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

U2 - 10.1111/jipb.13186

DO - 10.1111/jipb.13186

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34761872

VL - 64

SP - 205

EP - 214

JO - Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

JF - Journal of Integrative Plant Biology

SN - 1672-9072

IS - 2

ER -