Prediction of Cyanotoxin Episodes in Freshwater: A Case Study on Microcystin and Saxitoxin in the Lobo Reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
Standard
Prediction of Cyanotoxin Episodes in Freshwater : A Case Study on Microcystin and Saxitoxin in the Lobo Reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil. / Moraes, Munique de Almeida Bispo; Rodrigues, Raphaella de Abreu Magalhães; Podduturi, Raju; Jørgensen, Niels Ole Gerslev; Calijuri, Maria do Carmo.
I: Environments, Bind 10, Nr. 8, 143, 2023.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Prediction of Cyanotoxin Episodes in Freshwater
T2 - A Case Study on Microcystin and Saxitoxin in the Lobo Reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil
AU - Moraes, Munique de Almeida Bispo
AU - Rodrigues, Raphaella de Abreu Magalhães
AU - Podduturi, Raju
AU - Jørgensen, Niels Ole Gerslev
AU - Calijuri, Maria do Carmo
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Freshwater reservoirs constitute an important source of drinking water, but eutrophication and higher temperatures increase the risk of more frequent blooms of cyanobacteria, including species that produce toxins. To improve the prediction of cyanotoxin episodes, we studied the annual occurrence of potential microcystin (MC) and saxitoxin (STX)-producing cyanobacteria in the Lobo reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil. Relationships among environmental variables, cyanobacterial biomass, numbers of the mcyE and sxtA genotypes (genes encoding production of MC and STX, respectively), and concentrations of MC and STX were determined to address variables applicable for monitoring and predicting the dynamics of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in the reservoir. Microscopy confirmed the presence of potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria at all sampling times, and qPCR detection showed the occurrence of both mcyE and sxtA in most samples. Concentrations of MC and STX were generally low (MC 0–1.54 µg L−1; STX 0.03–0.21 µg L−1). The highest MC level exceeded the recommended limit for human intake of 1 µg L−1. The abundance of the mcyE and sxtA genes, as well as the toxin concentrations, were positively correlated with the biomass of Phormidium and Raphidiopsis. Among environmental variables, the abundance of potential toxic cyanobacteria was mainly affected by P limitation (high TN:TP ratios). Our data show that detection of the mcyE and sxtA genotypes serves as a useful and reliable predictor of toxin episodes but might be combined with chemical toxin detection to form an environmental toolbox for cyanotoxin monitoring.
AB - Freshwater reservoirs constitute an important source of drinking water, but eutrophication and higher temperatures increase the risk of more frequent blooms of cyanobacteria, including species that produce toxins. To improve the prediction of cyanotoxin episodes, we studied the annual occurrence of potential microcystin (MC) and saxitoxin (STX)-producing cyanobacteria in the Lobo reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil. Relationships among environmental variables, cyanobacterial biomass, numbers of the mcyE and sxtA genotypes (genes encoding production of MC and STX, respectively), and concentrations of MC and STX were determined to address variables applicable for monitoring and predicting the dynamics of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in the reservoir. Microscopy confirmed the presence of potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria at all sampling times, and qPCR detection showed the occurrence of both mcyE and sxtA in most samples. Concentrations of MC and STX were generally low (MC 0–1.54 µg L−1; STX 0.03–0.21 µg L−1). The highest MC level exceeded the recommended limit for human intake of 1 µg L−1. The abundance of the mcyE and sxtA genes, as well as the toxin concentrations, were positively correlated with the biomass of Phormidium and Raphidiopsis. Among environmental variables, the abundance of potential toxic cyanobacteria was mainly affected by P limitation (high TN:TP ratios). Our data show that detection of the mcyE and sxtA genotypes serves as a useful and reliable predictor of toxin episodes but might be combined with chemical toxin detection to form an environmental toolbox for cyanotoxin monitoring.
KW - cyanotoxins
KW - Lobo reservoir
KW - mcyE gene
KW - Phormidium
KW - Raphidiopsis
KW - sxtA gene
U2 - 10.3390/environments10080143
DO - 10.3390/environments10080143
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85169064992
VL - 10
JO - Environments
JF - Environments
SN - 2076-3298
IS - 8
M1 - 143
ER -
ID: 365551180