From data to reliable conclusions: Identification and comparison of persistent micropollutants and transformation products in 37 wastewater samples by non-target screening prioritization
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From data to reliable conclusions : Identification and comparison of persistent micropollutants and transformation products in 37 wastewater samples by non-target screening prioritization. / Tisler, Selina; Engler, Nikolina; Jørgensen, Mathias B.; Kilpinen, Kristoffer; Tomasi, Giorgio; Christensen, Jan H.
In: Water Research, Vol. 219, 118599, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - From data to reliable conclusions
T2 - Identification and comparison of persistent micropollutants and transformation products in 37 wastewater samples by non-target screening prioritization
AU - Tisler, Selina
AU - Engler, Nikolina
AU - Jørgensen, Mathias B.
AU - Kilpinen, Kristoffer
AU - Tomasi, Giorgio
AU - Christensen, Jan H
N1 - Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - In this study, micropollutants in wastewater effluents were prioritized by monitoring the composition of influent and effluent wastewater by liquid chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry (LCHRMS) non-target screening (NTS) analysis. The study shows how important data pre-processing and filtering of raw data is to produce reliable NTS data for comparison of compounds between many samples (37 wastewater samples) analyzed at different times. Triplicate injections were critical for reducing the number of false-positive detections. Intensity drift corrections within and between batches analyzed months apart made peak intensities comparable across samples. Adjustment of the feature detection threshold was shown to be important, due to large intensity variations for low abundance compounds across batches. When the threshold correction cut-offs, or the filtering of relevant compounds by the occurrence frequency, were too stringent, a high number of false positive transformation products (TPs) were reported. We also showed that matrix effect correction by internal standards can over- or under-correct the intensity for unknown compounds, thus the TIC matrix effect correction was shown as an additional tool for a retention time dependent matrix effect correction. After these preprocessing and filtering steps, we identified 78 prioritized compounds, of which 36 were persistent compounds, defined as compounds with a reduction in peak intensity between influent and effluent wastewater <50%, and 13 compounds were defined as TPs because they occurred solely in the effluent samples. Some examples of persistent compounds are 1,3-diphenylguanidine, amisulpride and the human metabolites from losartan, verapamil and methadone. To our knowledge, nine of the identified TPs have not been previously described in effluent wastewater. The TPs were derived from metoprolol, fexofenadine, DEET and losartan. The screening of all identified compounds in effluent samples from eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) showed that potential drugs of abuse, anti-psychotic and anti-depressant drugs were predominant in the capital city region, whereas the anti-epileptic agents and agricultural pesticides were dominant in more rural areas.
AB - In this study, micropollutants in wastewater effluents were prioritized by monitoring the composition of influent and effluent wastewater by liquid chromatography - high-resolution mass spectrometry (LCHRMS) non-target screening (NTS) analysis. The study shows how important data pre-processing and filtering of raw data is to produce reliable NTS data for comparison of compounds between many samples (37 wastewater samples) analyzed at different times. Triplicate injections were critical for reducing the number of false-positive detections. Intensity drift corrections within and between batches analyzed months apart made peak intensities comparable across samples. Adjustment of the feature detection threshold was shown to be important, due to large intensity variations for low abundance compounds across batches. When the threshold correction cut-offs, or the filtering of relevant compounds by the occurrence frequency, were too stringent, a high number of false positive transformation products (TPs) were reported. We also showed that matrix effect correction by internal standards can over- or under-correct the intensity for unknown compounds, thus the TIC matrix effect correction was shown as an additional tool for a retention time dependent matrix effect correction. After these preprocessing and filtering steps, we identified 78 prioritized compounds, of which 36 were persistent compounds, defined as compounds with a reduction in peak intensity between influent and effluent wastewater <50%, and 13 compounds were defined as TPs because they occurred solely in the effluent samples. Some examples of persistent compounds are 1,3-diphenylguanidine, amisulpride and the human metabolites from losartan, verapamil and methadone. To our knowledge, nine of the identified TPs have not been previously described in effluent wastewater. The TPs were derived from metoprolol, fexofenadine, DEET and losartan. The screening of all identified compounds in effluent samples from eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) showed that potential drugs of abuse, anti-psychotic and anti-depressant drugs were predominant in the capital city region, whereas the anti-epileptic agents and agricultural pesticides were dominant in more rural areas.
U2 - 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118599
DO - 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118599
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35598471
VL - 219
JO - Water Research
JF - Water Research
SN - 0043-1354
M1 - 118599
ER -
ID: 307671775