P4-ATPases: lipid flippases in cell membranes

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  • P4-ATPases

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Cellular membranes, notably eukaryotic plasma membranes, are equipped with special proteins that actively translocate lipids from one leaflet to the other and thereby help generate membrane lipid asymmetry. Among these ATP-driven transporters, the P4 subfamily of P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) comprises lipid flippases that catalyze the translocation of phospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet of cell membranes. While initially characterized as aminophospholipid translocases, recent studies of individual P4-ATPase family members from fungi, plants, and animals show that P4-ATPases differ in their substrate specificities and mediate transport of a broader range of lipid substrates, including lysophospholipids and synthetic alkylphospholipids. At the same time, the cellular processes known to be directly or indirectly affected by this class of transporters have expanded to include the regulation of membrane traffic, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell division, lipid metabolism, and lipid signaling. In this review, we will summarize the basic features of P4-ATPases and the physiological implications of their lipid transport activity in the cell.

Original languageEnglish
JournalPflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
Volume466
Issue number7
Pages (from-to)1227-1240
Number of pages14
ISSN0031-6768
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2014

Bibliographical note

OA

    Research areas

  • CDC50 protein, Flippase, Importer, Lipid asymmetry, P-type pump, Vesicle biogenesis

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