Enzyme recycling in lignocellulosic biorefineries
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Enzyme recycling in lignocellulosic biorefineries. / Jørgensen, Henning; Pinelo, Manuel.
In: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2017, p. 150-167.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Enzyme recycling in lignocellulosic biorefineries
AU - Jørgensen, Henning
AU - Pinelo, Manuel
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Commercial production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is becoming a reality, but the next step is to diversify the process and produce chemicals and materials. These lignocellulosic biorefineries will in many cases rely on hydrolysis of biomass carbohydrates into monosaccharides – the sugar platform. Cellulases are the most important enzymes required in this process, but the complex nature of lignocellulose requires several other enzymes (hemicellulases and auxiliary enzymes) for efficient hydrolysis. Enzyme recycling increases the catalytic productivity of the enzymes by reusing them for several batches of hydrolysis, and thereby reduces the overall cost associated with the hydrolysis. Research on this subject has been ongoing for many years and several promising technologies and methods have been developed and demonstrated. But only in a very few cases have these technologies been upscaled and tested in industrial settings, mainly because of many difficulties with recycling of enzymes from the complex lignocellulose hydrolyzate at industrially relevant conditions, i.e., high solids loadings. The challenges are associated with the large number of different enzymes required for efficient hydrolysis, enzyme stability, and the detrimental interaction between enzyme and lignin. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various methods for enzyme recovery and recycling, for example recycling of free enzymes, readsorption to fresh material, recycling of solids, membrane filtration, and immobilization. Lignin is a major obstacle for successful hydrolysis and enzyme recycling. A thorough understanding of this subject and possibilities to minimize adsorption or methods to desorb the enzymes are important in order to develop the technology.
AB - Commercial production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is becoming a reality, but the next step is to diversify the process and produce chemicals and materials. These lignocellulosic biorefineries will in many cases rely on hydrolysis of biomass carbohydrates into monosaccharides – the sugar platform. Cellulases are the most important enzymes required in this process, but the complex nature of lignocellulose requires several other enzymes (hemicellulases and auxiliary enzymes) for efficient hydrolysis. Enzyme recycling increases the catalytic productivity of the enzymes by reusing them for several batches of hydrolysis, and thereby reduces the overall cost associated with the hydrolysis. Research on this subject has been ongoing for many years and several promising technologies and methods have been developed and demonstrated. But only in a very few cases have these technologies been upscaled and tested in industrial settings, mainly because of many difficulties with recycling of enzymes from the complex lignocellulose hydrolyzate at industrially relevant conditions, i.e., high solids loadings. The challenges are associated with the large number of different enzymes required for efficient hydrolysis, enzyme stability, and the detrimental interaction between enzyme and lignin. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various methods for enzyme recovery and recycling, for example recycling of free enzymes, readsorption to fresh material, recycling of solids, membrane filtration, and immobilization. Lignin is a major obstacle for successful hydrolysis and enzyme recycling. A thorough understanding of this subject and possibilities to minimize adsorption or methods to desorb the enzymes are important in order to develop the technology.
KW - biomass
KW - cellulases
KW - hemicellulases
KW - immobilization
KW - lignin
KW - pre-treatment
KW - recycling
U2 - 10.1002/bbb.1724
DO - 10.1002/bbb.1724
M3 - Review
VL - 11
SP - 150
EP - 167
JO - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining
JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining
SN - 1932-104X
IS - 1
ER -
ID: 178794976