The effects of CO₂ elevation on sensitivity of photosynthetic electron transport system of wheat in relation to low temperature stress are unclear. The performance of photosynthetic electron transport system and antioxidant system in chloroplasts was investigated in a temperature sensitive wheat cultivar Lianmai6 grown under the combination of low temperature (2 days at 2/−1^◦ C in the day/night) and CO₂ elevation (800 µmol l⁻¹). It was found that CO₂ elevation increased the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport in wheat exposed to low temperature stress, which was related to the enhanced maximum quantum yield for electron transport beyond Q_A and the increased quantum yield for reduction of end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side in plants under elevated CO₂. Also, under low temperature, the activities of ATPases, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase in chloroplasts were enhanced in wheat under elevated CO₂. It suggested that the cold tolerance of photosynthetic electron transport system is enhanced by CO₂ elevation.