Maintaining population growth and competitiveness of arable lands is forcing plant scientist to develop novel ways to enhance grain yield per plant Several studies on wheat have demonstrated the manipulation of the number (supernumerary spikelet) and arrangement (spike branching) of spikelets. Several genes (FZP, ndsu, mrsl, qTS2A-1, bh, Ppd-1, bh(t), bh(m) sb 1, sb2, TFL) controlling supemumeraiy spikelet and spike branching trait have been reported. Different supemumeraiy spikelet and branched head wheat germplasm sources (Fen 33, SG203, R107, 166 Schakheli, AUS15910, Kalyan Sona, SWP-BSW1, BS-33, Yupi branching, WCB617 etc.) are also available in the world. However, little is known about the genetic underpinnings, mechanism, plant signaling and physiological aspects of these traits in wheat. Further, these traits are negatively correlated with grain weight and number of tillers per plant and are highly influenced by environmental factors, even tetraploid and hexaploid wheats with reported tendencies of ear branching show different expressions in different environments. In this review, which is a first review report to our knowledge, we have reported the possibilities to exploit these traits to double the number of grains per spike through the use of available supernumerary and branched head germplasm resources and how plant scientists can overcome the negative correlations to develop a sustainable phenotype.